| Adopt A Pothole Program | In order to protect waterfowl breeding habitat, Delta Waterfowl began the Adopt A Pothole Program to protect wetlands on prairie grain farms. Those interested in participating in the program sign perpetual leases protecting their wetlands. Currently, the program is focusing on the waterfowl habitat in Canada. The program has signed 22,000 acres of wetlands as of 2006 | | | | 1991 |
| Agroforestry Systems and Organic Shade Coffee in the Quitirrisí Indigenous Territory, Costa Rica | The Association for the Integral Development of the Quitirrisi de Mora Indigenous Reserve (Asociación de Desarrollo Integral de la Reserva Indígena de Quitirrisí de Mora - ADIRI Quitirrisí) works to restore degraded areas in the Quitirrisí indigenous territory, in San José, Costa Rica, by promoting the use of agroforestry systems, particularly for coffee cultivation. | $43,100 | Total | 3,200 | 2005 |
| Amoyá Project | Construction and operation of a hydrological central with environmental and social programs for the river basin | $101,400,000 | Total | | |
| Andean River Basins | Change of the land use. Forest Maintenance | | | | |
| Andean river basins (Cuencas Andinas) | The objective of the project is to improve the use of existing possibilities for the sustainable development in 9 chosen river basins of the Andean region: in Colombia: Laguna de Fuquene, La Miel, Afluentes del Cauca; in Ecuador: Ambato and "El Angel" river; and in Peru: Piura, Jequetepeque, Arequipa and Alto Mayo. | | | | |
| Anderson Tract | This bank services the Atlanta, Lufkin, Paris and Tyler Districts in areas that fall in the Sabine, Neches, Sulphur or Cypress River basins. The mitigation bank was the result of an agreement between six federal and state agencies. It preserves bottomland hardwoods, for both wildlife habitat and recreation. | | | 908 | 1994 |
| Asociación Civil Mexicana Servicios Ambientales de Oaxaca (SAO) | The Asociación Civil Mexicana Servicios Ambientales de Oaxaca – SAO is comprised of representatives of various organizations that work with poor, indigenous farming communities to promote sustainable land management practices which can qualify for environmental services payments, including carbon sequestration, watershed protection, and biodiversity conservation. | $54,652 | Total | 2,896 | 2000 |
| Back to Home Waters/Squaw Creek - Acres for America | The Back to Home Waters/Squaw Creek project is a 2005 offset of Wal-Mart's Acres for America Program. | $1,350,000 | Total | 453 | 2005 |
| Barry Jones Wetland Mitigation Bank | In order to regulate wetland habitat losses, First Nation Bank markets credits to commercial developers or public works project developers who must compensate for the wetlands they destroy. | $6,800,000 | Total | 55 | 1998 |
| Bayou Pierre Carbon Offset Project | The Bayou Pierre project consists of bottomland hardwood forest restoration on marginal farmland to sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), a principal greenhouse gas. The project reestablishes bottomland hardwood forests on 500 acres of marginal farmland along Bayou Pierre. | $550,000 | Total | 202 | 2005 |
| Bear Creek Mitigation Bank | Restoration Systems markets credits to commercial developers or public works projects that must compensate for land they destroy in order to regulate impacts made on the environment. | $6,000,000 | Total | 404 | 2001 |
| Bear Creek Watershed Pollutant Trading | Each year Forest Hills Metropolitan District purchases phosphorous pollutant offsets at a one to one ratio from the Evergreen Metropolitan District which allows Forest Hills to forego a costly sewage treatment plant upgrade while keeping under the phosphorous discharge limit set for the discharges to the Bear Creek Watershed. | $5,000 | Total | 1,217 | 2004 |
| Bilateral agreement between Monteverde Conservation League and La Esperanza Hydroelectric Company | In order to help settle a land dispute, the Monteverde Conservation League agreed to a 99 year lease of surface rights of its land to a Hydropower project of the La Manguera S.A. group. the company pays 10 US$/ha per year to the NGO for hydrological services of forests in the Peñas Blancas watershed. | $47,093 | Total | 3,000 | 1995 |
| Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Production in the Osa Biological Corridor | This project aims to engage 15 families that live in the core zone of Costa Rica’s Osa Biological Corridor in implementing conservation activities on their farms, such as agro-forestry and silvo-pastoral systems, agro-ecotourism, sustainable ranching, bio-digesters, and reforestation. | $70,000 | Total | 30,000 | 2003 |
| Biodiversity protection: Tradeable reserve requirements in Brazil | The Forest Code in Brazil requires legal reserves of native or regenerated forest, ranging from 20-80% depending upon locality, on private property. In the past this measure has not been enforced with any regularity. A 1998 regulation would now permit "off-site compensation" where landowners failed to meet the reserve requirements on their own property. | | | | 1998 |
| Blue Elbow Swamp Mitigation Bank | This bank markets credits to the Texas Department of Transportation in order to regulate its impacts in the Beaumont District. | $66,037,500 | Total | 1,353 | 1995 |
| Bobwhite Quail Initiative | BQI is a voluntary program that provides private landowners with technical assistance and, on a competitive basis, financial incentives for habitat improvement. It is primarily directed at increasing the abundance of nesting and brood rearing habitat, factors most commonly limiting quail populations across Georgia's landscape. These practices will improve habitats for certain early successional songbird species that are in serious decline, and also reduce soil erosion and improve water quality. Other beneficial aspects may include economic enhancement to local communities from recreational opportunities associated with improved quail hunting and wildlife viewing | | per season per cow | | |
| Boyer Nature Reserve | This project aims to restore a vernal pool in the Boyer Nature Reserve paid for by a developer to the City of Westerville, OH. | $15,000 | Total | | |
| Brazil Reforestation Around Hydro Reservoirs | The objective of this project is the recuperation of native vegetation cover of approximately 5,576 hectares, located around four reservoirs created by hydroelectric plants in the State of Sao Paulo. The project envisions a medium-and long-term strategy to preserve hydraulic resources, while also securing the biodiversity of the region. Additionally, the project will enhance the biodiversity corridors connected to other forested conservation areas around the reservoirs. | $6,672,384 | | 5,576 | 2005 |
| Brazil rubber subsidy | In Brazil, subsidies have been added to rubber originating from extractive reserves where the rubber tappers act as forest stewards and keep the forest stands intact. The program was designed to help poor communities but has been found to be an effective method in protecting the forest as well. After a decade, the four largest extractive reserves remain intact. The monitoring and reward distribution of the program is based on the amount of rubber collected. The subsidy on rubber tapped in these reserves amounts to 0.40 Reais (approx. US$0.20) per Kg of rubber, of which approximately 70% of the subsidy returns to the state through taxes | | | | 1990 |
| Brazil's ICMS Ecológico program to protect Biodiversity | In order to protect on of the world's richest biodiversity areas Brazil has developed the ICMS Ecológico, a tax revenue-sharing method that compensated municipal governments for designating protected areas. The state government is required to distribute 25% of the ICMS (a tax on the sale of goods and services) to the counties, but the states can determine the redistribution criteria on a portion of the funds. Several states have adopted an ecological criterion that looks at the amount of protected areas within the county, the level of protection, and a quality of the resources. The program has been particularly effective in the state of Paraná where the program has been operational since 1992 | | | | 1992 |
| Building Capacity and Promoting Agroforestry Systems in the Cabécar Tayni Indigenous Territory, Costa RicaPrograma de Pequeñas Donaciones (PPD) | This project aims to promote agroforestry systems as a system that makes production compatible with the environment. The construction of a storage area for organic crops produced by the indigenous people will promote agroforestry systems through commercial activities. Participation will also be strengthened with a focus on gender equity to improve the quality of life of the community. | $62,400 | Total | 75 | 2007 |
| Burdell Ranch Wetland Mitigation Bank | In order to regulate wetland habitat losses in the with a service area of portions of Sonoma County, Napa, Marin Solano and Contra Costa, CA, this bank markets credits to public and private developers who must compensate for the wetlands they destroy. Primary goals include maintainig freshwater conditions, increasing wetland and riparian vegetation species and structural diversity and removing harmful pest plant species. | $11,700,000 | Total | 31 | 2000 |
| Butterfield Road Mitigation Bank | Currently inactive, this bank is sold out of wet prairie and emergent forest credits that was marketed to various public or private project developers in the Des Plaines River watershed service area who must compensate for the wetlands they destroy. | $2,600,000 | Total | 32 | 1999 |
| C & C Builders Bank | In order to regulate wetland habitat losses, this bank markets credits for freshwater wetland creation and enhancement activities to various public or private projects with a service area of New Jersey Watershed Management Areas 3, 4 and 6. | $8,169,000 | Total | 76 | 1998 |
| Canaima National Park (CNP) | An agreement between the hydroelectric company CVG EDELCA and the Park’s co-management committee (representative of EDELCA, the Pemon, and INPARQUES) to invest 1% of the hydraulic energy revenues generated by the portion of the Caroní watershed located in CNP. | $1,600,000 | | 3,000,000 | 2001 |
| Canaima National Park PES project | The Venezuela national government is looking to develop a co-management model in the Canaima National Park (CNP) supporting sustainable natural resource use practices and preserving cultural and biological diversity. The CNP is located in the state of Bolivar, and is the second largest park in Venezuela with a size of 30,000 km². One of the major sources for the financing of the PES payments will be from the hydroelectric producer CVG-Edelca | | | | 2006 |
| Carbon sequestration and sustainable livelihoods | With support from the Canadian government through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), CIFOR has been facilitating a series of workshops and roundtable discussions on issues related to growing trees to sequester carbon and its influence on people's livelihoods. Interest in this topic has arisen out of the potential for such projects through the land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) provisions of the Kyoto Protocol. Properly designed, these projects will conserve and/or increase carbon stock and at the same time improving rural livelihoods. Among the topics discussed have been: what are the requirements of mandatory vs. voluntary carbon trading markets; what do project partners need to do to benefit from these; and what other ecosystem services (including water and biodiversity protection) could such initiatives provide in a bundled form, possibly being compensated for by interested stakeholders? | | | | |
| Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge - Acres for America | The Catahoula National Wildlife Refuge project is a 2005 offset of Wal-Mart's Acres for America Program. | $2,500,000 | Total | 2,468 | 2005 |
| Celica-Chaco | Restoration of the vegetal cover | $52 | ha/Year | | |
| Cherry Creek Watershed Phosphorous Trade | The Cherry Creek Basin Water Quality Authority implements nonpoint source pollutant control projects to create phosphorous credits. The trading ratio is 2-3 pounds of phosphorous removal for each credit to discharge an additional pound of phosphorous to the watershed. | $456,000 | Total | | 2003 |
| Chimento Mitigation Bank | Currently sold out of credits, this bank used to market forested wetland type credits to project developers. | $765,000 | Total | 8 | 1995 |
| CIPAV- Biodiversity and Carbon | Change in the use of land towards silvo-pastoral systems | $21 | ha/Year | | 2002 |
| CIPAV-Río La Vieja | Changes in the use of the ground "tied" to certain management attributes (8 uses of land with 5 types of management) | | | | |
| CIPAV-Salvajina | The project has two environmental objectives: biodiversity since it wants to connect two protected areas and water resources since it wants to improve water regulation and reduce sedimentation.The idea is that the beneficiaries of the second objective, mainly the operators of the Salvajina reservoir, finance the reforestation and the protection of the river basin, and in this way, these activities can achieve the conexion of the biological corridors. | | | | |
| Coastal Bottomlands Mitigation Bank | This bank markets credits to the Texas Department of Transportation in order to regulate its impacts in the Yoakum District. The primary goals include improving and maintaining the forest, grasslands, wetlands and the wildlife habitat. Seondary goals include providing public-use opportunities compatible with protecting the ecosystem. | $31,775,000 | Total | 1,437 | 1999 |
| Coatepec PES program | Climate changes due to El Niño have made the Coatepec municipality more aware of the link between their water and the forested uplands. In order to assure the sustainability of their water supplies, the city looked for a donation of $1.00 Mexican peso (approximately $0.09 USD2) in the water bill sent to domestic users. This was combined with municipal funds and the CONAFOR program to protect forests in the watershed by paying $1,000 Mexican pesos (approximately $90.10 USD) per hectare of well preserved forest | $10 | /ha | | 2001 |
| Colombia Caribbean Savannah Silvopastoral Rehabilitation | The project aims to enhance the productivity of degraded lands by fostering the use of improved agricultural and tree material. The improved productivity will also increase the storage of carbon both above- and below-ground. Specifically, the project will expand the use of a silvopastoral system developed by the Colombian National Agricultural Research organization (CORPOICA). | $987,968 | | 2,000 | 2005 |
| Colombia San Nicolás Agroforestry | The project seeks to actively promote and finance the establishment of agroforestry and silvopastoral systems as well as plantations on abandoned pastures, including training and capacity building towards their sustainable management. The objectives of the project are to generate financial resources to improve the livelihoods of small-scale landowners, sustain watershed management, conserve biodiversity, and to involve the participation of the local communities, NGOs, government and the private sector of the area. | $1,900,000 | | 8,730 | 2001 |
| Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz: Watershed protection for hydroelectric operations | The Compañía Nacional de Fuerza y Luz S.A. has agreed to invest over $5,000,000 to protect forests where it has hydroelectric operations. The project will pay $40 per ha/year for environmental services protection contracts lasting 10 years. There are currently 7,356 ha submitted to the program. CNFL is making payments for environmental services to forest and plantation owners located in the following watersheds:Upper part of the watershed of the Aranjuez River, in the canton of Montes de Oro, province of Puntarenas; upper part of the watershed of the Balsa River, in the canton of San Ramon, province of Alajuela and Cote Lake, between the cantons of Guatuso and Tilaran, provinces of Alajuela and Guanacasate. | $40 | ha/Year | | |
| Compensation-for-Watershed-Services (CWS) System in Amboró National Park/Los Negros Watershed | With help from Fundación Natura Bolivia, the communities of Los Negros and Santa Rosa are currently pioneering a locally managed system of compensation-for-watershed-services (CWS) which involves investing in upstream forest protection and sustainable land management. The communities agreed that downstream water users would pay $3/ha/year or the equivalent in beehives or barbed wire for watershed protection. | $5,000 | | 2,500 | 2003 |
| Connecticut Nitrogen Exchange Program 2002 | In March of each year all 79 participating waste treatment facilities settle their balance between their over or under discharge of nitrogen to the Long Island Sound watershed. Payments are by facilities that discharge more than their permit allowance of nitrogen and payments are received by those that discharge less than their allowance. The State of Connecticut balances the account by either drawing from or depositing to the states Clean Water Fund. | $4,857,272 | Total | 341,878 | 2002 |
| Conservation Reserve Program | The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) provides technical and financial assistance to eligible farmers and ranchers to address soil, water, and related natural resource concerns on their lands in an environmentally beneficial and cost-effective manner. The program provides assistance to farmers and ranchers in complying with Federal, State, and tribal environmental laws, and encourages environmental enhancement. The program is funded through the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). CRP is administered by the Farm Service Agency, with NRCS providing technical land eligibility determinations, conservation planning and practice implementation. The Conservation Reserve Program reduces soil erosion, protects the Nation's ability to produce food and fiber, reduces sedimentation in streams and lakes, improves water quality, establishes wildlife habitat, and enhances forest and wetland resources. It encourages farmers to convert highly erodible cropland or other environmentally sensitive acreage to vegetative cover, such as tame or native grasses, wildlife plantings, trees, filterstrips, or riparian buffers. Farmers receive an annual rental payment for the term of the multi-year contract. Cost sharing is provided to establish the vegetative cover practices | | | | 1985 |
| Contracts in Aguascalientes state | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for maintaining and preserving forest cover in order to obtain hydrological benefits. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts with the National Forestry Commission to receive payments to preserve their forest. The program aims to find downstream beneficiaries of the water service to pay for the forest conservation in the future. | $207,136 | Total | 1,541 | 2004 |
| Contracts in Aguascalientes State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for conserving the biodiversity. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts to receive payments to conserve the biodiversity. | $5,681 | Total | 100 | 2004 |
| Contracts in Aguascalientes State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for executing carbon sequestration services. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts to receive payments and put in place services regarding carbon storage. | $103,053 | Total | 8,870 | 2004 |
| Contracts in Aguascalientes State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for conserving the biodiversity. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts to receive payments to conserve the biodiversity. | $9,410 | Total | 278 | 2005 |
| Contracts in Baja California State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for maintaining and preserving forest cover in order to obtain hydrological benefits. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts with the National Forestry Commission to receive payments to preserve their forest. The program aims to find downstream beneficiaries of the water service to pay for the forest conservation in the future. | $357,516 | Total | 2,533 | 2005 |
| Contracts in Baja California State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for conserving the biodiversity. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts to receive payments to conserve the biodiversity. | $95,373 | Total | 6,450 | 2004 |
| Contracts in Baja California State | The Mexican Government is funding this Program to pay forest owners for maintaining and preserving forest cover in order to obtain hydrological benefits. Forest owners meeting eligibility criteria apply to participate and make 5 year contracts with the National Forestry Commission to receive payments to preserve their forest. The program aims to find downstream beneficiaries of the water service to pay for the forest conservation in the future. | $1,006,514 | Total | 7,488 | 2004 |